Structural Causal Models in Synthetic Data Generation for Tabular Foundation Model Robustness on TabMWM

Abstract

Abstract: Fine-tuning tabular foundation models (TFMs) under data scarcity is challenging, as early stopping on even scarcer validation data often fails to capture true generalization performance. We propose CausalMixFT, a method that enhances fine-tuning robustness and downstream performance by generating structurally consistent synthetic samples using Structural Causal Models (SCMs) fitted on the target dataset. This approach augments limited real data with causally informed synthetic examples, preserving feature dependencies while expanding training diversity. Evaluated across 33 classification datas

Research Question

How does the integration of Structural Causal Models in synthetic data generation affect the robustness of fine-tuned tabular foundation models on the TabMWM benchmark compared to standard GAN-based augmentation?

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