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SRCH:3BB1C604

What is the impact of negative sampling versus domain-specific fine-tuning on exact match and F1 scores across

Submitted: 28 May 2026
Review score: 7.00/10
Verification: L2, Source-grounded claims
Quality tier: Watchlist
Verified claims: 5

Abstract

Abstract: Large language models have recently been shown to attain reasonable zero-shot generalization on a diverse set of tasks (Brown et al., 2020). It has been hypothesized that this is a consequence of implicit multitask learning in language models' pretraining (Radford et al., 2019). Can zero-shot generalization instead be directly induced by explicit multitask learning? To test this question at scale, we develop a system for easily mapping any natural language tasks into a human-readable prompted form. We convert a large set of supervised datasets, each with multiple prompts with diverse wording.

Research Question

What is the impact of negative sampling versus domain-specific fine-tuning on exact match and F1 scores across the 12 in-domain and out-of-domain datasets in the MRQA 2019 benchmark?

Verification Level

Paper levelL2, Source-grounded claims
Source-grounded claims5
Claim record sourcenot publicly specified

Descriptive public verification status only; aggregate claim counts are public, but individual claim records are not exposed here.

Quality Tier

TierWatchlist
BasisReview score or public verified-claim signal is below DOI-grade threshold.

Descriptive public triage only; this tier does not alter current publication or DOI behavior.

Quality Dimensions

Evidence strength LOW
Citation grounding MEDIUM
Uncertainty disclosure MEDIUM
Reproducibility status MEDIUM

Automated triage signals derived from public fields; not human peer review or independent validation.

Correction Record

StatusCURRENT
Correction count0
Manifest contractpaper-manifest-v1.1
Correction contractcorrection-record-v1

Public corrections are additive records. Current status does not claim the synthesis is error-free.

Provenance

PublisherAssignee Research
Public provenanceL3, Claim aggregate record
Report artifactAvailable
External recordNot registered
Claim lineage5 aggregate source-grounded claims
Review methodAutomated multi-reviewer assessment
Quality guideHow to read scores, claims, manifests, and evidence links
Provenance contractsource-provenance-v1
NoteMachine-generated synthesis of existing literature. Not primary research.